Publications
Zero emission buildings – the Norwegian approach
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2011
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2011
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ZE+hytte - A net zero energy building concept
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2011
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2011
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Vil bygge 800 miljøboliger, men fylkesmannen sier nei
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2012
Publication Year:
2012
Kjetil Helland i ByBo AS har ventet i tre år på å realisere et av Norges viktigste miljøprosjekter. Nå haster det, sier han.
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Effekt- og energisimuleringer
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2012
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2012
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Properties, Requirements and Possibilities for Traditional, State-of-the-Art and Future Thermal Building Insulation Materials and Solutions
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2011
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2011
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Zero Emission Building Envelopes - Comparison of Different Wall Constructions in a Life Cycle Perspective
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2011
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2011
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Zero Emission Building Envelopes - Comparison of Floor Constructions with PCM, Wood and Concrete in a Life Cycle Perspective
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2011
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2011
This paper presents a case study of a single-family house, where the effect of using thermal energy storage integrated in the floor is evaluated regarding GHG-emissions during the life cycle. The house has a lightweight wood frame construction, is well insulated, and fulfils the Norwegian energy regulations from 2010. Different floor configurations have been studied, both regarding energy demand and emissions. Floors with PCM panels have been compared with a reference case without thermal energy storage integrated in the floor, and have also been compared with concrete and wood as replacement for the PCM panels. The effect of changing the…
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Numerical Simulations of a Well-Insulated Wall Assembly with Integrated Phase Change Material Panels – Comparison with Hot Box Experiments
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Publication Year:
2011
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2011
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Possibilites for characterization of a pcm window system large scale measurements
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2012
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Publication Year:
2012
The introduction of dynamic envelope components and systems can have a significant reduction effect on heating and cooling demands. In addition, it can contribute to reduce the energy demand for artificial lighting by better utilization of the daylight. One of these promising technologies is Phase Change Materials (PCM). Here, the latent heat storage potential of the transition between solid and liquid state of a material is exploited to increase the thermal mass of the component. A PCM layer incorporated in a transparent component can increase the possibilities to harvest energy from solar radiation by reducing the heating/cooling demand and still…
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From Passive House to Zero Emission Buildings from an Emission-Accounting Perspective
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Publication Year:
2012
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2012
Moving away from the annual energy budget and including the emissions of the entire building lifetime during construction, operation, and disposal is a key aspect of ZEB. This can be summarised in an emission inventory of operation and building components and services. The aim of this paper is to investigate the emission balance of both operational and the embodied energy in different highly energy efficient buildings concepts which are worth considering toward achieving Zero emission buildings. In this work four concepts for energy efficient buildings are identified which could provide stepping stones towards a definition of ZEB. These concepts were…
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Investigation of the thermal properties and heat-storage reliability of a paraffin wax for LHTES application under direct solar radiation
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2012
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2012
In recent years, Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is becoming more and more important in different engineering applications. As far as the building sector is concerned, TES is considered a crucial feature to reach the net-Zero Energy Building (nZEB) goal. Commonly, TES in building is obtained using the sensible heat property of conventional building materials (building thermal inertia). The drawbacks of this strategy are: the low amount of thermal energy that can be stored; the overheating of the indoor environment that may occur if elevate amount of heat is collected by a conventional building material. On the contrary, the exploitation of…
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Optimal transparent percentage in façade modules for office buildings in a central Europe climate: a case study in Frankfurt
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2012
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2012
The building enclosure plays a relevant role in the management of the energy flows in buildings and in the exploitation of the solar energy at building scale. An optimized configuration of the façade can contribute to reduce the total energy demand of the building. Traditionally, the search for the optimal façade configuration is obtained by analyzing the heating demand and/or the cooling demand only, while the implication of the façade configuration on the energy demand for artificial lighting is often not considered, especially during the first stage of the design process. A global approach (i.e. including heating, cooling and artificial…
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A numerical model to evaluate the thermal behaviour of PCM glazing systems
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2012
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Publication Year:
2012
The adoption of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) in building components is an up-to-date topic and a relevant number of research activities on this issue are currently on the way. A particular application of PCMs in the building envelope focuses on the integration of such a kind of material into transparent envelope components. A numerical model that describes the thermo-physical behaviour of a PCM layer in combination with other transparent materials (i.e. glass panes) has been developed to perform numerical analyses on various PCM glazing systems configurations. The paper illustrates the structure of the model, the main equations implemented and the…
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Sammenligning av klimagass-utslipp med naturlig- og balansert ventilasjon
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2012
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2012
Dagens byggeforskrifter krever mye ekstra dokumentasjon om en ikke skal ha balansert ventilasjon, og dette legger i praksis sterke føringer for valg av ventilasjonsløsning. Imidlertid er klimagassutslipp med ulike ventilasjons-konsept i liten grad undersøkt.
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The Skarpnes resisdential development
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2012
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2012
The zero-energy project Skarpnes residential development in Arendal in Norway consists of a total of 40 dwelling units. The energy goal of the buildings is net zero-energy on a yearly level. In addition, the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) related to the operational energy of the buildings shall also be zero on an annual basis. There is also an aim achieving low embodied energy and GHG emissions related to the buildings materials and products. The thermal demand of the buildings will be covered by heat pumps and thermal solar collectors. To reach the zero energy/emission goal, the roofs are partly covered…
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ZEB har fått sin første doktorgrad
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2013
Publication Year:
2013
Stipendiat ved NTNU og forskningsleder ved SINTEF Byggforsk, Birgit Risholt, disputerer 7. juni som første ZEB-PhD-kandidat siden senteret ble opprettet i 2009.
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Smartere byer
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Publication Year:
2013
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2013
Folk flest bor i byer. I dag bor over halvparten av jordas befolkning i byer, og innen 2050 forventes andelen å øke til to tredjedeler.
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Popular Science Articles
The interaction between building and users in passive and zero-energy housing and offices: The role of interfaces, knowledge and user commitment
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
The article's aim is to present user experiences with passive houses and zero-energy buildings. The focus is on the interaction between the building and the users, specifically on how user interfaces, knowledge, and commitment influence the use of the building and the level of energy consumption awareness.
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Forholdet mellom nullenergi og nullutslipp
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2012
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2012
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Politiske mål og ambisjoner - en utfordring til byggenæringen
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2012
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2012
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Powerhouse One: the first plus-energy commercial building in Norway
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2012
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2012
“Powerhouse” is an alliance that will demonstrate that it is possible to build plus-energy buildings in cold climates, such as in Norway. For the Powerhouse project in Trondheim (Brattørkaia 17a), PV panels will produce and offset the delivered energy needed during the operation and for compensating the embodied energy of the building. The building will thus export more electricity than it will use for operation. In a broader environmental perspective, an aim of this project is also to achieve the classification “Outstanding” in the BREEAM-NOR environmental certification scheme. Energy efficiency measures and materials with low embodied energy have been crucial…
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Energy Desing of Sandwich Masonry Blocks
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2012
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2012
Sandwich elements are widely used in the building envelope, in walls and foundations in particular. The thickness of sandwich elements is increasing as the demand for reduced heat loss from the building envelope is required. The building industry is searching for means and alternative materials to reduce the volume of the building envelope, but at the same time obtain the same thermal performance. Sandwich element constructions might be suitable for highly effective insulation materials as VIPs (Vacuum Insulation Panels). The possibilities of optimizing the thermal performance and by the same time decreasing the thickness and reducing the volume of aggregated…
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Performance of 8 Cold-Climate Envelopes for Passive Houses
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2012
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2012
While the design and construction of envelopes for Passive House certified homes in central European climates is well developed and has achieved widespread acceptance and reliability, the same cannot be said in colder climate regions such as the United States’ upper Midwest (DOE climate zones 6 and 7) and Scandinavia. The objective of this research was to study some of the typical building performance issues relating to Passive House envelope construction for single family homes in cold climates by testing and developing a group of 8 envelope options. Typical issues include unfamiliarity with performance of thermal bridge details, added embodied…
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Nano insulation materials for energy efficient buildings: from theory to practice
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2012
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2012
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Nano insulation materials for energy efficient buildings: a case study on hallow silica naonspheres
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2012
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2012
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Books
Zero Emission Building Concepts in Office Buildings in Norway
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Publication Year:
2011
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Publication Year:
2011
Zero emission buildings (ZEB) are buildings with a minimized energy consumption and renewable energy supply with zero greenhouse gas emissions. There is no common accepted definition of zero emission buildings. This is due to issues in defining the boundary of a balance in terms of building site and time frame of this balance. Further, there is no standard on accounting for emissions (on material, components, system, and building level) nor is there a standard for emissions from other building related environments. In this paper the goals for ZEB are specified and implications for components are discussed.
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Hvordan legger myndighetene til rette for en innovativ og bærekraftig arkitektur? Erfaringer fra arbeidet med Powerhouse-prosjektene
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Design guidelins for energy efficient concepts in office buildings in Norway
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2011
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2011
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Vacuum insulation panels in wood frame wall constructions with different stud profiles
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
In this work, the thermal performance of three different wall configurations was examined by hot box measurements and numerical simulations. Vacuum insulation panels were sandwiched between traditional insulation in walls where the load-bearing elements were standard 36-mm-thick wooden studs, I-profiled studs and U-profiled studs. The measured mean values of the thermal transmittance (U-value) were 0.09 W/m2·K with 36-mm-thick wooden studs, 0.10 W/m2·K with U-profiled studs and 0.11 W/m2·K with I-profiled studs. The comparison of the three wall structures has shown that with such low U-values, the numerical simulations are more sensitive to the accuracy of the dimensions and thermal conductivities…
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Municipal planning of sustainable neighbourhood: action research and stakeholder dialogue
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2012
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2012
How can researchers and planners best facilitate the transition to low-carbon societies? In particular, can they initiate better dialogue in order to foster stakeholder engagement in planning, building and living in low-carbon settlements? These challenges inform a municipal planning process for a new neighbourhood in Trondheim, Norway: Brøset, as well as for an interdisciplinary research project exploring the role of action research in supporting the transition to low-carbon societies. The processes are described for identifying the central actors and applying the dialogue strategies in the early planning project phase. Researchers and planners collaborated to contribute to new knowledge production and…
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Journal papers
Hot box investigations and theoretical assessment of miscellaneous vacuum insulation panel configuration in building envelopes
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2011
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2011
Vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) are regarded as one of the most promising existing high performance thermal insulation solutions on the market today as their thermal performance typically range 5–10 times better than traditional insulation materials. However, the VIPs have several disadvantages such as risk of puncturing by penetration of nails and that they cannot be cut or fitted at the construction site. Furthermore, thermal bridging due to the panel envelope and load-bearing elements may have a large effect on the overall thermal performance. Finally, degradation of thermal performance due to moisture and air diffusion through the panel envelope is also…
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Aerogel insulation for building applications: A sate-of-the-art review
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2011
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2011
Aerogels are regarded as one of the most promising high performance thermal insulation materials for building applications today. With a thermal conductivity down to 13 mW/(m K) for commercial products they show remarkable characteristics compared to traditional thermal insulation materials. Also the possibility of high transmittances in the solar spectrum is of high interest for the construction sector. With the proper knowledge they give both the architect and engineer the opportunity of re-inventing architectural solutions. Within this work, a review is given on the knowledge of aerogel insulation in general and for building applications in particular.
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Energy and buildings research: challenges from tne new production of knowledge
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2012
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2012
The current state and future challenges of energy and buildings research are explored from the perspective of the social study of science. Major trends in knowledge production are considered for practices within current energy and buildings research. New forms of knowledge production hold the potential to provide clearer strategies to overcome barriers between researchers and practitioners. These are investigated through an explorative survey of researchers based on their own accounts of energy and buildings research, their expectations of future challenges, and their perceptions of ‘good’ science. Two sets of challenges from knowledge production arise for building energy research. First, with…
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Building integrated photovoltaic products: a state-of-the-art review and future research opportunities
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2012
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2012
Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) are photovoltaic (PV) modules integrated into the building envelope and hence also replacing traditional parts of the building envelope, e.g. the roofing. In this context, the BIPVs integration with the building envelope limits the costs by serving dual purposes. BIPVs have a great advantage compared to non-integrated systems because there is neither need for allocation of land nor stand-alone PV systems. This study seeks to outline various commercially available approaches to BIPVs and thus provides a state-of-the-art review. In addition, possible future research opportunities are explored. The various categories of BIPVs may be divided into photovoltaic…
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Heat and Mass Transfer in Quasi-Counter Flow Membrane-Based Total Heat Exchanger, Membrane Study
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Realisation of Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) for residential use depends on, among many other things, minimizing air leakages. However, very airtight houses will have an increased risk for problems regarding indoor humidity, thermal comfort and indoor air quality. Focusing on ventilation systems becomes a requirement in this situation. For cold climates, mechanical ventilation systems are the state of the art solution and in order to achieve a further reduction in energy use, the focus must be on efficient energy recovery. This paper focuses on a quasi-counter flow membrane-based heat and moisture recovery system for cold climates such as the…
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Marinlyst school – Comparison of simulated and measured energy use in a passive house school
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2012
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2012
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Architectural integration of photovoltaic cells overview of materials and products from an architectural point of view
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2012
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2012
The building skin is often called the third skin of a human being after the body skin and clothes since it provides protection from the elements, creates privacy and provides contact between the indoor and outdoor space. Moreover, it is the most important element regarding the total energy balance of buildings. Solar energy systems, and in particular solar cells, have an important role to play in reducing energy needs of buildings. Several building surfaces are ideally suited for the use of solar panels, but high costs as well as technical and aesthetical considerations have long kept building owners and architects…
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Energy performance assessment of an advanced responsive multifunctional facade module: first results of an experimental campaign
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Publication Year:
2012
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2012
Responsive Building Elements (RBEs) are technologies for the exploiting at the building scale renewable energy sources and the opportunities offered by the environment. Among the RBE concepts identified by the IEA-ECBCS Annex 44, Advanced Integrated Façades (AIFs) is probably one of the most promising technologies. Important players in the field of the façade have started to develop integrated modular façade systems (Multifunctional Façade Modules - MFMs), with a dynamic behaviour and interacting with the other building services, in order to reduce the building energy consumption and maximize the indoor comfort conditions. In the frame of a research activity aimed at…
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Performance evaluation of a combined solar-thermal and heat pump technology in a Net-ZEB under stochastic user-loads
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2012
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2012
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From Space Habitats to Zero Emission Buildings (ZEBs) - Space Borne ZEB Enabling Technologies
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Publication Year:
2010
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2010
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Review of Air-to-Air Heat/Energy Exchangers for Use in NZEBs in the Nordic Countries
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2012
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2012
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Design of a Zero Energy Office Building at Haakonsvern
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2012
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2012
An office building of about 2000 m2 heated floor area is being designed for the Norwegian Defense Estates Agency (Forsvarsbygg). The building will be located at Haakonsvern, about 15 km from the centre of Bergen, Norway. The design aims at meeting the ZEB criterion of net zero energy balance for building operation during a year. The energy for operation of the plug loads (computers, printers, etc.) is not included in the balance.
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Experimental Assessment of the Energy Performance of an Advanced Responsive Multifunctional Facade Module
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2012
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2012
Responsive Building Elements (RBEs) and energy storage within the building are considered as a crucial development towards the nearly Zero Energy/Emission Building target. The exploitation at the building scale of renewable energy sources and the opportunities offered by the environment is achieved by the ability of the RBEs to dynamically adapt to changing environmental conditions. Among these concepts, Advanced Integrated Façades (AIFs) are probably one the most promising technologies, due to the important role that the building envelope plays in controlling the energy and mass flows between the building and the outdoor environment. In the framework of a decade-long research…
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Synthesis of Hallow Silica Nanospheres by Sacrificial Polystyrene Templates for Thermal Insulation applications
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Publication Year:
2013
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2013
Monodisperse polystyrene (PS) spheres with controllable size have been synthesized by a straight forward and simple procedure. The as-synthesized PS spheres have a typical diameter ranging from ~180 nm to ~900 nm, where a reduced sphere size is obtained by increasing the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/styrene weight ratio. The PS spheres function as sacrificial templates for the fabrication of hollow silica nanospheres (HSNSs) for thermal insulation applications. By modifying the silica coating process, HSNSs with different surface roughness are obtained. All resulting HSNSs show typically a thermal conductivity of about 20 mW/(mK), indicating that the surface phonon scattering is probably not significant…
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Windows in the Buildings of Tomorrow; Energy Losers or Energy Gainers?
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2013
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2013
One of the most effective actions for reduction of energy loss through the building envelope is to optimize the thermal performance, area and localization of the transparent components in the façade in order to obtain minimal heat losses and optimal solar gains. When considering the thermal performance of these transparent components, one should consider, not only heat loss (or gains) caused by thermal transmission, but also the beneficial effects of incident solar radiation and hence reduced demand for heating and artificial lighting. This study presents calculations for a range of windows as part of a building where the coupled effects…
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Passiv - Lavenergi - Nesten null - Plusshus. Begreper, definisjoner og prinsipper
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2012
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2012
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Sustainable Energy Supply for Low Energy and Passive House Developments. 5 Norwegian Case Studies
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2012
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2012
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