Publications
Life cycle analyses of CO2 emissions of alternative retrofitting measures
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
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Influence of occupants’ behavior on the performance of Net-Zero Emission Buildings
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
This thesis investigates how the occupant behavior influences the performance of residential net zero emission buildings (Net-ZEB) in cold climates such as in Norway, and proposes guidelines for better design, operation and control strategies. The thesis focuses on the occupant related variations in the internal gains and the domestic hot water use, and studies their influence on the building’s heating needs, its heating system performance and finally, its interaction with the onsite renewable generation and the grid. The application of the tightly insulated envelope in Net-ZEB significantly reduces the space heating needs. This increases the share of the occupant-related heat…
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Optimal operating strategies of the micro-CHP for improved interaction between the electrical and thermal demand and supply
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
Abstract The research center of Zero Emissions Buildings (ZEB) has a goal of eliminating the greenhouse gas emissions associated with all phases of building development and use. This is achieved through more sustainable building construction and more efficient energy use. The Norwegian government has a similar goal of achieving zero energy buildings as a standard by 2020. This has led to proper investigation in technological solutions that can help to achieve these goals. In a net-ZEB perspective, combined heat and power (CHP) is considered as a potential energy supply solution for buildings. CHP is seen as an emerging technology which…
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Reports
Cost Optimality of Energy Systems in Zero Emission Buildings in Early Design Phase
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
Abstract During the uncontrolled consumption period the building sector has come to account one of the greatest proportions of greenhouse gas emissions and energy use in industrial countries. In this context, European countries have decided to address the environmental challenge by promoting the use of renewable energies and the implementation of low energy consumption requirements. For these reasons, zero emission buildings, which have a net zero annual energy demand, were regarded as a possible solution. And everything points to believe that they will continue to be crucial in a recent future. Consultants and contractors have shown the need towards a…
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Reports
The impact of building morphology on energy consumption
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Buildings are responsible for 38 % of energy use in Norway, about 64 % of which is heating energy. Lacking of architectural design at the early design stage has adverse consequences on the climate and environmental efficiency of buildings, which is a burden for reducing the energy consumption of buildings. This research uses Ådland project as a case study in order to investigate how the building morphology which is one aspect of the architectural quality will impact the heating demand of buildings. The research is based on the design which is ongoing in the Research Centre of Zero Emission Buildings…
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Thermal mass activitation - PowerHouse
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
This thesis investigates whether the use of TMA is suitable for and of benefit to the Norwegian building industry. Power House One plans to use the same heating technology as the Sparebank1 building in Trondheim. This building uses ventilation to distribute thermal energy to the end of activating the thermal mass. The purpose of this thesis was therefore to determine whether it is more efficient to use water rather than air to distribute thermal energy. Water has a higher volumetric heat capacity than air and therefore water-carrying pipes embedded in the thermal mass should be more efficient in distributing thermal…
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Modelling and Analysis of Heat Pumps for Zero Emission Buildings
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Reports
Comparative Analysis of PV Shading Devices for Energy Performance and Daylight
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
The comfort and energy demand of a building are influenced significantly by glazed area of the facade. The glazed areas in the building are always challenging. Large glazing allows more daylight to get into the room but at the same time cause more heat gain and heat loss through the building envelop. Shading devices are very suitable elements for installing PV panels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential impact of different PV shading devices on energy performance and daylight of office buildings in Nordic climate. This dissertation is based on literature studies of relevant books and…
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The Potential of Facade-Integrated Ventilation Systems in Nordic Climate
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Ventilation is a crucial aspect in super-insulated and airtight buildings. Façade-integrated ventilation systems are a state-of-the-art technology which is considered an energy efficient option. Results of the conducted evaluation in Nordic context show that some aspects need adaption to local requirements. However, good performance can be expected in fields like indoor comfort and user satisfaction. The technology has enormous potential and might be an alternative if there are high expectations on indoor environment but conventional ventilation systems are not applicable. The used tools in this work include ESP-r and Simien for dynamic simulation of building performance.
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Reports
Durability of Vacuum Insulation Panels in Alkaline Environment
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
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Reports
Emission Accounting of a Wooden Passive House from Life Cycle Perspective
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Reports
Life-cycle assessment of a multi-family residence built to passive house standard
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
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Reports
Evaluering av energibruk i passivhus studentboliger
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Reports
Comparative Analysis of PV Shading Devices for Eneregy Performance and Daylight
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
The comfort and energy demand of a building are influenced significantly by glazed area of the facade. The glazed areas in the building are always challenging. Large glazing allows more daylight to get into the room but at the same time cause more heat gain and heat loss through the building envelop. Shading devices are very suitable elements for installing PV panels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential impact of different PV shading devices on energy performance and daylight of office buildings in Nordic climate.
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Zero energy renovation of single family houses
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
Thesis for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor
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Reports
Energiforsyningsløsninger for lavenergi yrkesbygg i Norge
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Master i energi og miljø
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Validation of user profiles for building energy simulation
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Reports
A Design of Sustainable Energy Supply System of Shoebox Residential Building
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Reports
Transformation of a barn at Camphill Rotvoll
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
The barn at Rotvoll farm has a history of 140 years. The design project aims to prepare it for future use by reusing the old structures as much as possible while ensuring a good energy performance. The future user of the barn is Camphill movement that creates “life-sharing” communities and schools for adults and children with learning disabilities and other special needs providing services and support for work, learning and daily living. Energy performance of the building, on-site energy supply options and embodied emissions of the new added reused materials were estimated as part of the design.
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A New Nano Insulation Material for Applications in Zero Emission Buildings
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Architectural Integration of Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Collector Systems into buildings
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Solar technologies in the form of photovoltaics and thermal collectors have not been used to the expectation specially in building sector to replace the use of fossil fuels. The main reason for these technologies not being popular in building integration is the lack of good architectural quality rendered not meeting desired design considerations. Hence, the objective of the thesis is to pave possible ways of integrating these technologies into buildings, both on existing and new constructions to add emphasis on the overall architectural expression in addition to producing energy. Basic focus is on the appearance of aesthetics part of integration…
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Energy Retrofits of Residential Buildings - impact on architectural quality & occupants' comfort
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
In order to be successful on the market, energy-saving measures for existing buildings need to be promoted with arguments that are directly relevant to the users. Initial marketing for energy retrofitting has been based on monetary profits from future energy savings. However, for most households in Europe, energy bills for the home account for only 3-4 percent of disposable income, hence are not a major concern. As a result of inappropriate promotion of energy savings for existing buildings, less than 1 percent of over 300.000 projects certified by BREEAM are refurbishments. Apparently, the promotion of energy retrofitting needs to be…
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Reports
Performance Evaluation of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Applications in Low-Energy Houses
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Reports
Sustainable residential ventilation
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Global warming due to increased emissions of CO2 has lead to more focus on decreasing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions caused by buildings. In Norway balanced ventilation with heat recovery is the most recommended solution for a low-emission building. However, a minority claims that a naturally ventilated house can be equally sustainable. To find out more about which concept is more sustainable, a model building with natural ventilation is compared to the same building with balanced ventilation in several cases. These are calculated in the computer-program SIMIEN, mainly with Oslo-climate. A sensitivity analysis of several parameters is also done.…
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Energiforsyning for bygning uten klimagassutslipp (ZEB) på Klimasenteret på Ringdalskogen
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
I dag har bygninger en andel på 30 % av verdens energiforbruk og står for 20 % av klimagassutslippene globalt sett. Regjeringen har derfor som mål å skjerpe energikravene i byggeteknisk forskrift til passivhusnivå i 2015 og nesten nullutslippsnivå i 2020. For å oppnå et bygg med nesten nullutslippsnivå vil bygget normalt være tilknyttet nettet. Dette på bakgrunn av at energien importert fra energinettet, til bygningen, er ansvarlig for visse utslipp. Eksport av fornybar energi fra bygningen tilbake til energinettet er ansvarlig for å unngå lignende utslipp av andre (ikke-fornybare) energivarer koblet til samme energinett.Brødrene Dahl ønsker å se på…
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Reports
Self-Cleaning Glazing Products: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Research Pathways
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
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Reports
Building Integrated Photovoltaics - A State-of-the-Art Review, Future Research Opportunities and Large-Scale Experimental Wind-Driven Rain Exposure Investigations
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
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Reports
Windows for Energy-Efficient Buildings - Heat Bridges by Window Localization
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
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Reports
Two exemplar green developments in Norway: Tales of qualculation and Nonqualculation
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Publication Year:
2016
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Publication Year:
2016
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Books
Net-zero buildings: incorporating embodied impacts.
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
Abstract The design and assessment of net-zero buildings commonly focus exclusively on the operational phase, ignoring the embodied environmental impacts over the building life cycle. An analysis is presented on the consequences of integrating embodied impacts into the assessment of the environmental advantageousness of net-zero concepts. Fundamental issues needing consideration in the design process – based on the evaluation of primary energy use and related greenhouse gas emissions – are examined by comparing three net-zero building design and assessment cases: (1) no embodied impacts included, net balance limited to the operation stage only; (2) embodied impacts included but evaluated separately…
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Journal papers
Life cycle analysis of two nZEB concepts
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
Abstract The net-zero emissions building (nZEB) performance is investigated for building operation (EO) and embodied emissions in materials (EE) for Norway's cold climate. nZEB concepts for new residential and office buildings are conceived in order to understand the balance and implications between operational and embodied emissions over the building's life. The main drivers for the CO2 equivalent (CO2e) emissions are revealed for both building concepts through a detailed emissions calculation. The influence of the CO2e factor for electricity is emphasized and it is shown to have significant impact on the temporal evolution of the overall CO2e emissions balance. The results…
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Journal papers
Norway – Improved governance and innovation in construction projects
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
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Books
Klassifisering av robusthet
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Rapporten inneholder et forslag til system for klassifisering av byggetekniske løsningers robusthet. Hensikten med et slikt klassifiseringssystem skal gjøre det lettere for aktører i byggenæringen å velge løsninger og materialer tilpasset ønsket kvalitetsnivå, stedlig klima og den utførendes kompetanse. Byggenæringen må i større grad enn tidligere forholde seg til mange produkter med til dels overlappende bruksområde. Det kan være svært vanskelig å få oversikt over forskjeller i teknisk kvalitet og hvilke produkter som er mest hensiktsmessig i det enkelte byggeprosjekt.
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Mot karbonnøytrale boligområder. Utforming av bygninger og energiforsyning – erfaringer fra pilotprosjekter i Norge
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
Sammendrag Denne rapporten beskriver resultatene fra et prosjekt hvor vi har gjennomgått og diskutert erfaringer fra et utvalg utbyggingsprosjekter i Norge hvor man har hatt spesielt høye ambisjoner med hensyn tilenergibruk og klimagassutslipp. Prosjektets målsetning er å bidra til økt kunnskap om gode løsninger for utforming av bygninger og energiforsyning for fremtidens boligområder, samt danne underlag for enveileder til bruk i planleggingsprosessen. Hovedkonklusjonen er at det er behov for mer kunnskap og veiledningsmateriale om hvordan man kan integrere dette tidlig i planprosessen. Følgende punkter erspesielt viktige: Fokus på integrert, tverrfaglig prosjektering fra tidligfase. Formulering av konkrete krav/målsetninger i tidligfase. Undersøkelse av tilgjengelighet og…
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Economic feasibility and zero emission buildings – a state-of-the-art report
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
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Reports
User evaluation of vacuum insulation in clay blocks
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Interventions on energy behaviour in non-residential buildings – a literature review
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
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Brukerundersøkelse om innemiljø på Marienlyst skole
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Innemiljøet på Marienlyst skole i Drammen, Norges første "passivhus-skole", er evaluert gjennom intervju og spørreskjema med brukere. Det er utført tre intervjurunder i løpet av 2011 med totalt 23 informanter; lærere, elever og representanter fra driftspersonalet. I tillegg er det utført en spørreskjemaundersøkelse om inneklimaet i slutten av 2011, for alle elever og ansatte.
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Isolering og fuktsikring av yttervegger mot terreng. Målinger i forsøksvegg
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Mange fuktproblemer viser at det er viktig å velge veggkonstruksjoner mot terreng med god sikkerhet mot skader. God sikkerhet mot kondensskader får man ved å plassere all isolasjon på utsiden eller inne i veggen. Men i svært mange nye byggeprosjekter i dag blir det benyttet en plass-støpt betongvegg som isoleres utvendig og innvendig. Den innvendige isolasjonen er ofte en bindingsverkvegg. Denne rapporten presenterer resultater fra målinger i et lite forsøkshus med en denne typen yttervegg mot terreng. Huset er bygd ved lokalene til SINTEF Byggforsk i Oslo
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Households on the Rebound. Factors Increasing and Decreasing Rebound Effects in Norwegian Households
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
This is a report on a study conducted in the spring of 2011 to examine the cultural and social conditions associated with rebound effects on the household level. The goal of the study was to conduct an empirical, qualitative exploration of the conditions that favour rebound effects. In economics, rebound effects are defined to occur when a measure intended to increase energy efficiency actually contributes to an increase of energy consumption. Examples of conditions that favour rebound effects include using heat pumps for cooling, leaving energy‐saving light bulbs on for longer periods or neglecting to shut them off entirely, or…
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Energikonsepter for Ådland boligområde
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
I ZEB, og som en del av arbeidspakke 5 "Konsepter og strategier for nullutslippsbygg", er det gjennomført en studie av to energikonsepter for boligområdet Ådland i Bergen. Ådland ligger ved Flesland rett sør for Bergen sentrum. ByBo AS ønsker å bygge ut fra 500 – 800 boliger på området hvor både de enkelte boligene og området som helhet skal oppfylle kriterier for nullutslippsbygg. I ZEB er det definert ulike ambisjonsnivå for nullutslippsbygg. Den gjennomførte studien anbefaler et ambisjonsnivå ZEB-O som et gjennomsnitt for Ådland området. ZEB-O betyr at området skal være selvforsynt med energi, inklusive elektrisitet og varme, over et…
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Problems and problem-solving strategies in remote building operation. A case study
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
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A Norwegian ZEB-definition embodied emission
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
This report deals with how to define what a Zero Emission Building (ZEB) is with explanation and analysis of different parameters related to embodied emissions of CO2 equivalents. The report can be used as a guidance tool on how to assess embodied emissions, and also on what parameters should be evaluated in such an assessment. Different ambition levels for ZEBs may include life stages, operation, material, construction and end-of-life and can be documented according to EN 15978. Calculation procedures should include system boundaries, embodied emissions from materials, transport, the construction process and waste handling according to the ambition level. CO2 eq…
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Kondensfare uluftede loft. Feltundersøkelse
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Tradisjonelt har norske småhus hatt et kaldt loft med lufteåpninger i takutstikket. Luftingen av loftet skulle både sørge for en kald takflate og hindre fuktskader på undertak og taksperrer. De siste årene har det blitt vanligere at småhus bygges med et uluftet, kaldt loftsrom. I stedet brukes et dampåpent undertak og lufting under taktekkingen. En del slike loftsrom har fått kondens og vekst av muggsopp på undertaket. Denne rapporten viser årsaker og viktige tiltak for å unngå problemet.
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Powerhouse One - erfaringer med å utarbeide konseptet for et nullenergi-bygg
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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User evaluations of energy efficient buildings. The interplay of buildings and users in seven European case studies
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Publication Year:
2011
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Publication Year:
2011
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Life cycle GHG emissions from a wooden load-bearing alternative for a ZEB office concept
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Publication Year:
2015
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Publication Year:
2015
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Powerhouse Kjørbo. Evaluation of construction process and early use phase
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Publication Year:
2016
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Publication Year:
2016
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Erfaringer med bygningsintegrerte solfangere i Norge
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Publication Year:
2011
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Publication Year:
2011
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