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Annual Report 2012
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2013
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2013
The Research Centre on Zero Emission Buildings - Annual Report 2012
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Success for energy efficient renovation of dwelling - Learing from private homeowners
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2013
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2013
Large scale energy efficient renovation of buildings is one of the most important tools to realize the society's need of a more sustainable building stock. Most Norwegians own their own homes. Therefore private homeowners are a focus group for the government urging to accelerate the dwelling energy efficiency rates. Success factors were identified in the in-depth study of the decision process of eleven homeowners. Large differences in energy use due to the building's condition and the occupants' behavior was encountered in the sample. Only homeowners who were conscious consumers and did not trust expert advice or that had special knowledge…
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Grønt lys for ZEB
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2013
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2013
Forskning på nullutslippsbygg har fått gode resultater i Forskningsrådets evaluering, og ZEB får fortsette driften og forskningen i samme spor.
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ZEB får fortsette
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2013
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2013
Forskningsrådet gir ZEB ved NTNU gode tilbakemeldinger, og som ett av tre sentre får ZEB ny treårskontrakt og grønt lys for å fortsette både driften og forskningen i samme spor som de fire første leveårene.
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Powerhouse Kjørboe - rehabilitering av kontorbygg til plussenergibygg
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2013
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Energy Supply Solution for Low-Energy Commercial Buildings in Cold Climates
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2013
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2013
The aim of the study was to define an energy supply solutions for a low-energy commercial building in cold climates. A new low-energy office building built with high quality building insulation better than the Norwegian passive building standard was analyzed by using EnergyPlus. The results showed that the heat pump solutions could be used to cover the building base load, while the peak load should be covered by additional energy sources. Due to a high indoor temperature caused by the high quality building insulation standard, an increase in ventilation air flow was necessary during the summer. To fully utilize the…
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Kraftfullt miljøsatsing - Hvordan vi har jobbet for å få fram nye løsninger i Powerhouse?
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2013
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2013
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Industrial Ecology and Nantotechnology
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2013
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2013
På Nanonkonferansen 18. mars 2013 var det speeddating med nanoforskere, som på 1 minutt presenterte nytt fra forskningsfronten. Klima- og forurensningsdirektoratet (Klif) og Forskningsrådet arrangerte konferansen for å belyse mulighetene og utfordringene som ligger i nanoteknologien.
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Energy payback: An attributional and environmentally focused approach to energy balance in net zero energy buildings
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2013
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2013
Net zero energy buildings (nZEBs) are understood as grid-connected buildings which do not require net inputs of non-renewable energy over a defined period of their life cycle. Energy requirements of nZEBs have until now been assessed based on the impact buildings have on the existing energy system. This paper introduces a new approach to nZEB energy balance that takes into account the actual amount of energy nZEBs require. Energy balance methods previously proposed for nZEBs are illustrated in a new way and expressed in a series of equations based on a common terminology. Taking a different standpoint on the very…
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State-of-the-Art Analysis of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings. Country Report IEA HPP Annex 40 Task 1 - Norway
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2013
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2013
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Optimizing the configuration of a facade module for office buildings by means of integrated thermal and lighting simulations in a total energy perspective
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2013
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2013
The building enclosure plays a relevant role in the management of the energy flows in buildings and in the exploitation of solar energy at a building scale. An optimized configuration of the façade can contribute to reduce the total energy demand of the building. Traditionally, the search for the optimal façade configuration is obtained by analyzing the heating demand and/or the cooling demand only, while the implication of the façade configuration on artificial lighting energy demand is often not addressed. A comprehensive approach (i.e. including heating, cooling and artificial lighting energy demand) is instead necessary to reduce the total energy…
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Rehabmarkedet er enormt - og uutnyttet
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2013
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2013
Alt som skal til for å rehabilitere eldre eneboliger til moderne energistandarder er tilgjengelig. Men kundene skygger unna. Artikkel skrevet av Joachim Seehusen
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Gode skussmål til nullutslippsatsing
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2013
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2013
Zeb, forskningssenteret for nullutslippsbygg ved NTNU er sikret ny treårskontrakt med Forskningsrådet. Det er klart etter at senteret kommer svært godt ut av en fersk midtveisevaluering. Artikkelen er skrevet av Sølvi Waterloo Normannsen
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Zero energy renovation of single family houses
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2013
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2013
Thesis for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor
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A net zero emission concept analysis of a Norwegian single family house - A CO2 accounting method.
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2013
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2013
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What can we learn from case study buildings?
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2013
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2013
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Passive House at the crossroads: The past and the present of a voluntary standard that managed to bridge the energy efficiency gap
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2013
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2013
Improving energy efficiency in dwellings is generally seen as the low-hanging fruit of climate change mitigation. In particular decreased heat loss through better insulation is suggested as one of the most cost-effective means to achieve the ambitious national and international goals of climate gas reduction. However, the literature shows that a profitable technological solution is not sufficient to reach the energy goals. Aspects such as a lack of information, unobserved costs, and heterogeneity among users can compromise the success of technical innovation. Still, there are successful concepts that drive the technological development in the construction sector. The Passive House is…
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CO2 emissions from Biofuels and District Heating
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2013
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2013
Carbon Debt and Carbon Payback time have recently been introduced into the Norwegian debate on greenhouse gas emissions, challenging the established view that Biofuels are carbon neutral. This report demonstrates that these new concepts are primarily a reflection of how the temporal system boundaries for CO2 emissions from biofuels are viewed. In a short term perspective it is possible that CO2 emissions from biofuels may have a non-zero short term climate effect, even though biofuels will be carbon neutral on the order of a century. Two alternative, more useful new concepts for analysis of climate effects of biofuels are described…
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Partnering for the development of an energy-positive buildings. Case study of Powerhouse #1
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2013
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2013
Powerhouse #1 is planned to become the first and northernmost energy-positive office building. An alliance of companies within the Norwegian construction industry has been established to reach this ambition. Partnering has been suggested as a means to improve performance in general within the construction industry. Studies reveal that the industry is yet to yield the positive effects that have occurred in other industries. Strategic alliances such as Powerhouse are an exception within Norwegian construction industry. The paper analyses the case of Powerhouse #1 regarding collaborative working and experienced effects to the energy performance of the project. The material consists of…
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Laboratorier for morgendagens løsninger
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2013
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2013
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Hollow Silica Nanospheres as a Super-Insulating Material
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2013
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2013
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Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Tungsten Bronse Nanorods for Electrochromic Smart Window Applications
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2013
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2013
Single-crystalline sodium tungsten bronze (Na-WO3) nanorods with typical diameters of 10–200 nm and lengths of several of microns were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis. X-ray diffraction data showed that the as-prepared Na-WO3 nanorods crystallize in a hexagonal structure (space group P6 / mmm) with unit cell parameters a = 7.3166(8) Å and c = 3.8990(8) Å, and elongate along the <001> direction. The Na-WO3 nanorods had a mean chemical composition of Na0.18WO3.09·0.5H2O. The Na-WO3 nanorods exhibited a typical cathodic coloration related to proton insertion, indicating their potentials in electrochromic smart window applications.
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Improving the interaction between Net-ZEB and the grid using advanced control of heat pumps
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2013
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2013
Design principles in Net-ZEB considers the local energy infrastructure as virtual storage leading to large amount of energy exchange with the grid. Nonetheless, with high Net-ZEB penetration scenarios, such exchange could compromise the effectiveness of Net- ZEB concept in a total energy infrastructure. As the current market trends, heat pumps along with photovoltaics are seen as an emerging energy supply solutions in Net-ZEB buildings, effectiveness of an all-electric Net-ZEB (that is using air-to-water heat pump with photovoltaic) is analysed. Two concrete control cases of energy storage (compared to reference case) to assess Net-ZEB ability to self-consume vs. grid empowerment are…
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Analysis of the air heating in Norwegian passive houses using detailed dynamic simulations
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2013
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2013
The passive house (PH) standard is seen as the future minimal requirement for buildings in Norway, where a specific definition has been developed (NS 3700). Nevertheless, the relation between this standard and air heating (AH) is not clear while both concepts are often associated. The present contribution investigates challenges for AH in terms of thermal dynamics (e.g. temperature distribution and control) as well as the feasibility of the AH concept. This is done using detailed dynamic simulations on a typical detached house typology. Results show some limitations of the AH concept in Nordic countries, as well as provide guidelines for…
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Visible-Light Driven Photochromism of Hexagonal Sodium Tungsten Bronze Nanorods
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2013
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2013
Single-crystalline sodium tungsten bronze (Na-WO3) nanorods with typical diameters of 10−200 nm and lengths of several micrometers were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis. The as-prepared Na-WO3 nanorods crystallized in a hexagonal structure (space group P6/mmm) with unit cell parameters a=7.3166(8) Å and c= 3.8990(8) Å and elongated along the ⟨001⟩direction. Chemical analyses indicated a stoichiometry of Na0.18WO3.09·0.5H2O, revealing the existence of tunnel Na+ ions and water molecules in the structure, as confirmed also by the vibrational spectroscopic study. The as-prepared Na-WO3 nanorods exhibited a direct-allowed electronic transition with band-gap energy of about 2.5 eV, which allows a visible-light-driven photochromism related to…
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Hvordan anser markedet denne type bygg?
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2013
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2013
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Monodisperse Hollow Silica Nanospheres for Nano Insulation Materials: Synthesis, Characterization; and Pre-Life Cycle Assessment
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2013
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2013
The application of manufactured nanomaterials provides not only advantages resulting from their unique properties but also disadvantages derived from the high energy use and CO2 burden related to their manufacture, operation, and disposal. It is therefore important to understand the trade-offs of process economics of nanomaterial production and their associated environmental footprints in order to strengthen the existing advantages while counteracting disadvantages. This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and life cycle assessment (LCA) of a new type of superinsulating materials, nano insulation materials (NIMs), which are made of hollow silica nanospheres (HSNSs) and have great flexibility in modifying their properties by…
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Large-scale experimental wind-driven rain exposure investigations of building integrated photovoltaics
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2013
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2013
Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) are photovoltaic materials that replace conventional building materials in parts of the building envelopes, such as roofs or facades, i.e. the BIPV system serves dual purposes, as both a building envelope material and a power generator. Hence, it is important to focus on the building envelope properties of a BIPV system in addition to energy generation performance when conducting experimental investigations of BIPVs. The aim of this work was to illustrate challenges linked to the building envelope properties of a BIPV system, and to develop and evaluate relevant methods for testing the building envelope properties of…
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Arkitektstudenter og plusshus. Nå lærer arkitektstudentene om plusshus
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2013
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2013
For første gang lærer arkitektstudenter å tegne hus som produserer energi. Artikkel i Teknisk Ukeblad, skrevet av Joachim Seehusen.
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Thermal Conductivty of TiO2 Nanotubes
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2013
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2013
Thermal conductivity of TiO2 nanotubes prepared from a NaOH treatment of TiO2 particles with subsequent acid washing and annealing has been investigated. The obtained TiO2 nanotubes have a tetragonal anatase structure, and have a typical inner diameter of about 4-5 nm, wall thickness of about 2-3 nm, and length up to several hundred nanometers. TiO2 nanotubes show a significantly reduced thermal conductivity of about 0.40-0.84 W/(m·K) (average 0.62 W/(m.K)) at room temperature, as compared to about 8.5 W/(m·K) for the bulk TiO2 materials. The great suppression in thermal conductivity can be understood by means of increased phonon-boundary scattering and enhanced…
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On the proper integration of wood stoves in passive houses: Investigation using detailed dynamic simulations
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2013
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2013
Wood stoves are attractive for the space-heating (SH) of passive houses. Nevertheless, there are still questions about their integration. Firstly, the power oversizing of the current stoves and their long operating time may lead to unacceptable overheating. Secondly, it is also unclear how one stove can ensure the thermal comfort in the entire building. The paper investigates these aspects using detailed dynamic simulations (TRNSYS) applied to a detached house in Belgium. An 8 kW stove is assumed to be representative of the lowest available powers in the market. Results confirm that a large power modulation is important to prevent overheating.…
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Grønt lys for grønne boliger i Blomsterdalen
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2013
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2013
Miljøverndepartementet har bestemt seg etter fylkesmannens klage.
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Moisture Robustness During Retrofitting of Timber Frame Walls with Vacuum Insulation Panels: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
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2013
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2013
The main purpose of this book, Hygrothermal, Building Pathology and Durability, is to provide a collection of recent research works to contribute to the systematization and dissemination of knowledge related to construction pathology, hygrothermal behaviour of buildings, durability and diagnostic techniques and, simultaneously, to show the most recent advances in this domain. It includes a set of new developments in the field of building physics and hygrothermal behaviour, durability approach for historical and old buildings and building pathology vs. durability. The book is divided in several chapters that are a resume of the current state of knowledge for benefit of…
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“In the morning I just need a long, hot shower”. A sociological exploration of energy sensibilities in Norwegian bathrooms
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2013
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2013
This article proposes a new area of research centered on the study of how energy sensibilities—in terms of esthesia which is understood as responsiveness and awareness—are distributed and redistributed. Energy is approached as a polyphonic concept with many meanings, of which none enjoys privileged status. Given this polyphony, the common observation that end-users have no idea (or wrong ideas) about their energy consumption loses importance. Instead, unevenly distributed ways of sensing and making sense of energy become the object of study. Drawing on the work of French philosopher Jacques Rancière, the article discusses contemporary distributions of energy sensibilities in domestic…
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Sustainability assessment of nearly zero energy renovation of dwellings based on energy, economy and home quality indicators
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2013
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2013
A case study of a Norwegian detached house is used to evaluate the sustainability of two nearly zero energy renovation strategies. Energy demand, life cycle cost and home qualities are assessed as sustainability indicators. The Façade renovation strategy is an energy upgrade of the façade supplemented with high renewable energy production on site. The Ambitious renovation strategy is a total building envelope upgrade using passive house components and a lower on site renewable energy production. Both renovation strategies result in a 50–85% reduction of the heating requirement depending on the renewable energy production. The sustainability assessment was done as an…
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Beregning av kuldebroverider for golv på grunn
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2013
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2013
Denne rapporten begrenser seg til å presentere en metode for beregning av kuldebroverdier for tilslutningen mellom yttervegg og golv på grunn (ringmursløsninger). I både NS 3031 og NS‐EN ISO 10211 åpnes det for en forenklet beregning av kuldebroverdien etter en annen internasjonal standard; NS‐EN ISO 13370. Denne beskriver en forenklet prosedyre for beregning av U‐verdien til golv mot grunn basert på en korreksjon til U‐verdier beregnet etter NS‐EN ISO 6946.
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Cooling of PV panels by natural convection
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2013
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2013
Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) is an important source of renewable energy production for Zero Emission Buildings, even in Norwegian climate. In the planned Powerhouse 1 building at Brattøra in Trondheim the idea to reach a zero emission building level is to use PVs as a roofing material covering the entire roof. Challenges and questions raised in the design process of this building have motivated the work reported here.
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Core-shell typed Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles as solar selective coating materials
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2013
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Antireflection properties of monodisperse hollow silica nanospheres
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2013
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2013
Monodisperse hollow silica nanospheres have been prepared by using a polystyrene nanosphere template-assistant approach and their potential as antireflection (AR) coatings for window applications has been discussed. The as-prepared hollow silica nanospheres have a typical inner diameter of 200 nm and a shell thickness of 15–20 nm. The AR effect over the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectral region has been observed for the hollow silica nanospheres, with a minimized reflection of about 5.2 % at 500 nm, compared to 8.5 % of a plain float glass substrate. By modifying the structural features of the hollow silica nanospheres, their AR properties can be…
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Hva er forskjellen på passivhus, nesten nullenergi, nullenergi og plussenergi/energipositivt?
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2013
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2013
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Towards LCA building automation and control systems in zero emission buildings - Measuremets of auxiliary energy to operate a KNX bus-system
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2013
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2013
The demands for both thermal comfort and reduced energy consumption in buildings have become a major driving force for the increased use of advanced building automation and control systems (BACS). In the on-going development of Zero Emission Buildings (ZEBs), it seems to be a common understanding that such systems are needed in order to save energy and reach the zero emission goals, and that energy consumption for their operation is negligible compared to the building needs and the energy saving potential BACS causes. However, sensors and actuators in automation and control systems require electricity to operate, and both the environmental…
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Her kommer det 800 miljøboliger
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2013
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2013
Miljøvernminister Bård Vegar solhjell ga grønt lys for miljøprosjekt på Ådland tirsdag.
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Får verdens mest miljøvennlige boliger
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2013
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2013
Ådland får verdens mest miljøvennlige boliger, mener Arbeiderpartiets Ruth Grung. Tirsdag ga miljøvernministeren grønt lys for nullutslippboligene på Ådland. Skrevet at Terje Bringsvor Nilsen
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A zero emission concept analysis of a single family home
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2013
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2013
The main aim of the work has been to do modeling and calculations of the energy use, embodied emission and the total CO2-emission for a typical Norwegian residential building. By doing this we try to reveal and study the main drivers for the CO2-emission, and also which performance is necessary for components and solutions in a Zero Emission Building according to the current Norwegian ZEBdefinition.
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ZEB har fått sin første doktorgrad
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2013
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2013
Stipendiat ved NTNU og forskningsleder ved SINTEF Byggforsk, Birgit Risholt, disputerer 7. juni som første ZEB-PhD-kandidat siden senteret ble opprettet i 2009.
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Smartere byer
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2013
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2013
Folk flest bor i byer. I dag bor over halvparten av jordas befolkning i byer, og innen 2050 forventes andelen å øke til to tredjedeler.
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