Publications

It is becoming conventional approach to evaluate the building envelop losses using detailed dynamic tools such as EnergyPlus, ESP-r and TRNSYS. However, the user-related loads (and their variations) in the building are usually oversimplified during performance evaluation of those buildings and associated HV AC systems. This paper presents a methodology to evaluate the performance of buildings and their energy supply systems while taking into account the user-related loads (non-HV AC & DHW) at individual household levels. For this purpose, a single family house (two different insulation cases) built in Oslo climate using an alternate duty air to water heat pump…

Abstract Modeling simplification related to occupant’s behavior is a major cause of gap between actual and model’s predicted energy use of buildings. This paper aims to identify those parameters of realistic occupants-related heat gains that actually cause this gap. The investigation therefore, systematically distinguishes the occupant behavior using three behavior parameters, namely: the occupancy behavior, the appliance use behavior and the family size. The effect of these parameters is investigated on a building for two different insulation standards using heat pump as energy supply system. The results identifies the occupancy patterns and the household size as two major parameters that explains a large portion…

Abstract This paper presents an analysis of how the design of a photovoltaic (PV) system influences the greenhouse gas emission balance in a net zero emission building (nZEB). In a zero emission building, the emissions associated both with the energy required in the operation of the building (operational emissions) and the energy used to produce the building materials (embodied emissions) are offset by renewable energy generated on-site (avoided emissions). The analysis is applied to a nZEB concept for a single-family building, developed by the Norwegian Research Centre on Zero Emission Buildings. Previous analyses have shown that the installation of a…

This thesis investigates how the occupant behavior influences the performance of residential net zero emission buildings (Net-ZEB) in cold climates such as in Norway, and proposes guidelines for better design, operation and control strategies. The thesis focuses on the occupant related variations in the internal gains and the domestic hot water use, and studies their influence on the building’s heating needs, its heating system performance and finally, its interaction with the onsite renewable generation and the grid. The application of the tightly insulated envelope in Net-ZEB significantly reduces the space heating needs. This increases the share of the occupant-related heat…

På Nanonkonferansen 18. mars 2013 var det speeddating med nanoforskere, som på 1 minutt presenterte nytt fra forskningsfronten. Klima- og forurensningsdirektoratet (Klif) og Forskningsrådet arrangerte konferansen for å belyse mulighetene og utfordringene som ligger i nanoteknologien.

Design principles in Net-ZEB considers the local energy infrastructure as virtual storage leading to large amount of energy exchange with the grid. Nonetheless, with high Net-ZEB penetration scenarios, such exchange could compromise the effectiveness of Net- ZEB concept in a total energy infrastructure. As the current market trends, heat pumps along with photovoltaics are seen as an emerging energy supply solutions in Net-ZEB buildings, effectiveness of an all-electric Net-ZEB (that is using air-to-water heat pump with photovoltaic) is analysed. Two concrete control cases of energy storage (compared to reference case) to assess Net-ZEB ability to self-consume vs. grid empowerment are…

Transparent façades are often used to increase the aesthetic value of the building and to provide visual contact with the outdoor. However, together with several positive features, it should be mentioned that glass façades may reduce the quality of the indoor thermal environment, causing thermal discomfort especially due to overheating in the summer season. The aim of this paper is to compare the implications on thermal comfort of different glazed façades, whose surface temperatures have been monitored during several experimental campaigns. The analyzed glazing systems were double skin façades and non conventional single skin façades integrating different materials (i.e. phase…

Abstract The building envelope plays a crucial role in reducing operational energy demand. In particular, the two main properties of the building envelope to look at in this perspective are thermal transmittance (U, W/m2K1) and thermal inertia, which is often expressed by a metric called periodic thermal transmittance (Yie, W/m2K1). These two properties are also traditionally connected to two different energy demands: while thermal transmittance is crucial to reduce heating energy demand, thermal inertia has an impact on energy demand for cooling. However, a question may rise about the impact of each property on the other demand – i.e. the…

Abstract The building envelope plays a crucial role in reducing operational energy demand. In particular, the two main properties of the building envelope to look at in this perspective are thermal transmittance (U, W/m2K1) and thermal inertia, which is often expressed by a metric called periodic thermal transmittance (Yie, W/m2K1). These two properties are also traditionally connected to two different energy demands: while thermal transmittance is crucial to reduce heating energy demand, thermal inertia has an impact on energy demand for cooling. However, a question may rise about the impact of each property on the other demand – i.e. the…

Abstract This study examined an integrated solution of the building energy supply system consisting of flat plate solar thermal collectors in combination with a ground-source heat pump and an exhaust air heat pump for the heating and cooling, and production of domestic hot water. The supply energy system was proposed to a 202 m2 single-family demo dwelling (SFD), which is defined by the Norwegian Zero Emission Building standard. The main design parameters were analyzed in order to find the most essential parameters, which could significantly influenced the total energy use. This study found that 85% of the total heating demand of the…

Abstract This paper presents a review of projects where hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) systems are used in buildings. PV/T systems convert solar radiation to electricity and heat simultaneously, in one module. The output of both electricity and heat suggests that the technology can be suited for use in buildings, especially when the available area for installation is limited. The market and research activities related to PV/T technology has increased in recent years. This article adds to existing reviews on PV/T technology by focusing on the building perspective. Different strategies for the use of PV/T in buildings are discussed, and examples of…

Er "intellegente byer" veien å gå? Siden nesten 2/3 av vårt energiforbruk er tilknyttet urbane miljø, vil såkalte "Smart Cities" eller intellegente byer spille en betydelig rolle vedrørende energiffektivitet.

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Publication Year: 2015



This is a report on a study conducted in the spring of 2011 to examine the cultural and social conditions associated with rebound effects on the household level. The goal of the study was to conduct an empirical, qualitative exploration of the conditions that favour rebound effects. In economics, rebound effects are defined to occur when a measure intended to increase energy efficiency actually contributes to an increase of energy consumption. Examples of conditions that favour rebound effects include using heat pumps for cooling, leaving energy‐saving light bulbs on for longer periods or neglecting to shut them off entirely, or…

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