Publications
Insulating and strength properties of an aerogel-incorporated mortar based on UHPC formulations
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2014
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2014
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Optimal investments in Zero Carbon Buildings
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
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Synthesis, characterization and durability of self-cleaning antireflection coatings for glazing applications
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
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Electrochromic Materials and their characterization by solar radiation glazing factors for smart window applications
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Publication Year:
2014
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2014
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Synthesis and Thermal Conductivity of Monodisperse Hollow Silica Nanospheres
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
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Treated aluminum as highly reflective facade material for energy-efficient buildings
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Publication Year:
2014
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2014
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Simulation and evaluation of CO2 heat pump system with energy storage for ZEB
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
Abstract Reduced energy consumption is one of the most cost effective ways of reducing CO2 emissions for combustion of fossil fuels. Residential buildings must become more energy efficient according to the Energy Performance in Buildings Directive (EPBD). The demands for domestic hot water have become more significant. Therefore the share of domestic hot water (DHW) in high insulated houses constitutes an increasing share of total heating demand. For DHW and space heating purpose CO2 tripartite gas cooler heat pumps are among the most efficient systems. Due to heat rejection at different temperature levels a large enthalpy difference and low compressor…
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Nano insulation materials: synthesis and life cycle assessment
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2014
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2014
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Life cycle assessment integrated in the design of a new nano insulation material
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2014
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2014
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State of the art and the path to the building integrated photovoltaics of tomorrow
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Publication Year:
2014
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2014
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Large scale measurements and calculations of wall elements with vacuum insulation panels (VIPs)
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Publication Year:
2014
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2014
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Retrofitting a brick wall using vacuum insulation panels: measured hygrothermal effect on the existing structure
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2014
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2014
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The high performance thermal building insulation materials of beyond tomorrow – from consept to experimental investigations
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2014
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2014
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Rethinking the built environment as dynamic relation between moving targets
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2014
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2014
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Innovative Technologies and Processes for Buildings – The Research Centre on Zero Emission Buildings
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2014
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2014
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The ZEB Living Lab: a multi-purpose experimental facility
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2014
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2014
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Energibalansen
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2014
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2014
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Synthesis and characterization of aerogel glass materials for window glazing applications
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Publication Year:
2015
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2015
Summary This chapter reports an approach to enhance the mechanical strength of silica aerogels via densification. Although the loss of porosity and consequently the increase of thermal conductivity of silica aerogels represent drawbacks related to the densification process, a combination of enhanced mechanical performance and optical transparency indicates that the densificated silica aerogels may be used as new glass material for window glazing application. Preliminary experimental results indicate lightweight (density 1.8 g/cm3, compared to 2.5 g/cm3 for float glass) and thermal insulating (thermal conductivity k ≈ 0.18 W/(mK), compared to about 0.92 W/(mK) for float glass) aerogel glass materials with high visible transparency…
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Interior Insulation Retrofit of a Brick Wall Using Vacuum Insulation Panels: Design of a Laboratory Study to Determine the Hygrothermal Effect on Existing Structure and Wooden Beam Ends
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Publication Year:
2013
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2013
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The first phase of a Zero Emission Concept for an Office Building in Norway
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2013
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2013
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Critical Sensible and Latent Effectiveness for Membrane Type Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV) in Cold Climates
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2013
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2013
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Greenhouse gas analysis of insulation options in residential energy retrofitting
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
In the pursuit of stricter energy standards for buildings to reduce their share of energy use, the use of highly efficient insulation materials like aerogel and vacuum insulation has opened a path towards lighter construction in energy retrofitting, whereas commercially available materials, such as EPS and mineral wool, result in massive wall solutions. However, these new materials are notoriously energy intensive in production, resulting in high levels of embodied energy and emissions. This work describes a comprehensive greenhouse gas analysis of the use of different insulation materials applied to residential building upgrades to passive house standard. It estimates the potential…
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A Norwegian Zero Emission Building Definition
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
The aim of the Norwegian research centre on Zero Emission Buildings(ZEB) is to develop competetive products and solutions of buildings with zero emission of greenhouse gases related to their production, operation and demolition. However, to develope solutions and concepts for zero emission buildings it is first necessarry to develop a sound definition of ZEB (for single buildings, and also cluster of buildings). During the first 3 years of the centres running, significant work have been done to adress different issues related to the ZEB-definition, among them defining CO2 factors for various energy wares. Work done in the International Energy Agency…
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Investigation of the Air-Heating Concept for Norwegian Passive Houses
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
The German definition of the passive house standard is strongly related to the air-heating (AH) concept, while this concept is not explicitly connected with the Norwegian definition (NS 3700 standard). As AH presents an opportunity for space-heating (SH) simplification, the AH potential is here investigated in the Norwegian context. The questions of the required AH temperatures, of the temperature distribution between rooms and the influence of losses from ventilation ducts are investigated using detailed dynamic simulations (here using TRNSYS). This is done using a typical detached house typology, both considering different building construction materials as well as different climate zones…
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Powerhouse Kjørbo: a plus-energy renovation office building project in Norway
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
The main definition of a Powerhouse is a building that shall produce at least the same amount of energy from on-site renewables as the energy used during construction, manufacturering of materials, renovation, demolition and operation exclusive energy used during manufacturering of equipment such as PCs, coffee machines etc. In addition the exported energy shall in average not have less quality than the imported energy. This implies that produced and exported electricity can offset corresponding amount of imported energy for both electricity and thermal purposes, while produced and exported thermal energy cannot offset imported electricity. The building shall also as a…
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Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Low-Energy and Passive House Apartments in the Løvåshagen Cooperative - Occupant Behavior and Satisfaction
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
Experience with low-energy and passive house buildings forms the basis for the further development of zero-emission buildings. A post-occupancy evaluation of the Løvåshagen cooperative is therefore conducted by means of user surveys and measurement of indoor climate parameters, energy use and window opening time. The goal of the post-occupancy evaluation is to obtain information about how occupants use and experience low-energy and passive house dwellings, especially with regard to heating and ventilation. In addition, the impact of user behavior on the indoor climate and energy use will be assessed. In this paper, the results of the user survey regarding user…
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Environmental perspective on two glazing typologies
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Publication Year:
2013
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2013
Stricter energy regulations for energy use in buildings require new construction to be equipped with increasingly thicker insulation layers and minimal surfaces for glazing in cold climates. In recent years a new type of window has been proposed as a way to overcome the notoriously low thermal performance of transparent surfaces. In order to reach such performances, this glazing type has been equipped with monolithic aerogel as the glass-pane filling. The scope of this study is a comprehensive analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from the partial substitution of typical triple-glazing-with-argon units with double-glazing-with-monolithic-aerogel units in residential building upgrades. A social…
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Hollow Silica Nanospheres as a Superinsulating Material
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Publication Year:
2013
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2013
A simple, mild, and effective template approach has been used to produce hollow silica nanospheres with controlled sizes ranging from 40 to 150 nanometers. The obtained powders showed systematic variations in measured thermal conductivity, with values down to 0.024 W/(mK) so far, with en expressed goal to reach below 0.020 W/(mK). Surface hydrophobization was successfully performed. Thus, hollow silica nanospheres are considered to be promising building blocks for new hydrophobic, superinsulating materials.
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Experimental Pathways for Achieving Superinsulation through Nano Insulation Materials
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2013
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2013
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Between standardisation and flexibility. Norwegian controversies around sustainable building certification
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
We are currently witnessing in the Norwegian building sector (and elsewhere) the transition from isolated and heterogeneous sustainable building projects carried out in protected niches (e.g pilot projects) to more sustainable buildings becoming mainstream. According to scholars studying sustainable transitions this is the moment in which a dominant design catches on, replacing and displacing other more or less sustainable alternatives. Within this process, in the Norwegian case, the principles behind the passive house play a salient role. In fact, only recently a government white paper has called for "passive house levels" to become part of the building code by 2015.…
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A net zero emission concept analysis of a Norwegian single family house - A CO2 accounting method.
Publication Year:
2013
Publication Year:
2013
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Towards LCA building automation and control systems in zero emission buildings - Measuremets of auxiliary energy to operate a KNX bus-system
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
The demands for both thermal comfort and reduced energy consumption in buildings have become a major driving force for the increased use of advanced building automation and control systems (BACS). In the on-going development of Zero Emission Buildings (ZEBs), it seems to be a common understanding that such systems are needed in order to save energy and reach the zero emission goals, and that energy consumption for their operation is negligible compared to the building needs and the energy saving potential BACS causes. However, sensors and actuators in automation and control systems require electricity to operate, and both the environmental…
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A net zero emission concept analysis of a Norwegian single family house – A CO2 accounting method
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
In order to reach the goal of a zero emission building (ZEB), CO2 emission data has to be made available and verified for traditional building materials, new ‘state-of-the-art’ building materials and the active elements used to produce renewable energy. However, an initial literature review found that although there are databases of embodied carbon values for most building materials, the range in results for some materials are varied and inconsistent. This paper follows on from previous work on the development of a transparent and robust method to calculate CO2eq emissions of the materials used in the concept analysis of the ZEB…
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Towards LCA of building automation and control system in zero emission buildings – measurements of auxiliary energy to operate a KNX BUS-system
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
The demands for both thermal comfort and reduced energy consumption in buildings have become a major driving force for the increased use of advanced building automation and control systems (BACS). In the on-going development of Zero Emission Buildings (ZEBs), it seems to be a common understanding that such systems are needed in order to save energy and reach the zero emission goals, and that energy consumption for their operation is negligible compared to the building needs and the energy saving potential BACS causes. However, sensors and actuators in automation and control systems require electricity to operate, and both the environmental…
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Analysis of the air heating in Norwegian passive houses using detailed dynamic simulations
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
The passive house (PH) standard is seen as the future minimal requirement for buildings in Norway, where a specific definition has been developed (NS 3700). Nevertheless, the relation between this standard and air heating (AH) is not clear while both concepts are often associated. The present contribution investigates challenges for AH in terms of thermal dynamics (e.g. temperature distribution and control) as well as the feasibility of the AH concept. This is done using detailed dynamic simulations on a typical detached house typology. Results show some limitations of the AH concept in Nordic countries, as well as provide guidelines for…
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Improving the interaction between Net-ZEB and the grid using advanced control of heat pumps
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
Design principles in Net-ZEB considers the local energy infrastructure as virtual storage leading to large amount of energy exchange with the grid. Nonetheless, with high Net-ZEB penetration scenarios, such exchange could compromise the effectiveness of Net- ZEB concept in a total energy infrastructure. As the current market trends, heat pumps along with photovoltaics are seen as an emerging energy supply solutions in Net-ZEB buildings, effectiveness of an all-electric Net-ZEB (that is using air-to-water heat pump with photovoltaic) is analysed. Two concrete control cases of energy storage (compared to reference case) to assess Net-ZEB ability to self-consume vs. grid empowerment are…
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Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Tungsten Bronse Nanorods for Electrochromic Smart Window Applications
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
Single-crystalline sodium tungsten bronze (Na-WO3) nanorods with typical diameters of 10–200 nm and lengths of several of microns were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis. X-ray diffraction data showed that the as-prepared Na-WO3 nanorods crystallize in a hexagonal structure (space group P6 / mmm) with unit cell parameters a = 7.3166(8) Å and c = 3.8990(8) Å, and elongate along the <001> direction. The Na-WO3 nanorods had a mean chemical composition of Na0.18WO3.09·0.5H2O. The Na-WO3 nanorods exhibited a typical cathodic coloration related to proton insertion, indicating their potentials in electrochromic smart window applications.
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Hourly load modeling of non-residential building stock
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Energy Supply Solution for Low-Energy Commercial Buildings in Cold Climates
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
The aim of the study was to define an energy supply solutions for a low-energy commercial building in cold climates. A new low-energy office building built with high quality building insulation better than the Norwegian passive building standard was analyzed by using EnergyPlus. The results showed that the heat pump solutions could be used to cover the building base load, while the peak load should be covered by additional energy sources. Due to a high indoor temperature caused by the high quality building insulation standard, an increase in ventilation air flow was necessary during the summer. To fully utilize the…
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Measurements and Simulations of Airborne Moisture Transport in Bathrooms
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Publication Year:
2013
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2013
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What can we learn from case study buildings?
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2013
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2013
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Partnering for the development of an energy-positive buildings. Case study of Powerhouse #1
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
Powerhouse #1 is planned to become the first and northernmost energy-positive office building. An alliance of companies within the Norwegian construction industry has been established to reach this ambition. Partnering has been suggested as a means to improve performance in general within the construction industry. Studies reveal that the industry is yet to yield the positive effects that have occurred in other industries. Strategic alliances such as Powerhouse are an exception within Norwegian construction industry. The paper analyses the case of Powerhouse #1 regarding collaborative working and experienced effects to the energy performance of the project. The material consists of…
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FM towards zero emission buildings: Learning and professional development among energy operators of large buildings
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
Drawing on theories from studies of Facilities Management (FM) and social studies of science and technology as well as explorative qualitative research methods the purpose of this paper is to examine energy operations of large, existing buildings and how knowledge development and knowledge transfers may provide lessons for how FM of existing buildings may contribute to transition towards zero emission buildings. In this energy operation of existing buildings is described as an important measure towards sustainability. The relevant actors explored for this study are related to large non-residential buildings (university), and different types of large housing facilities (health rehabilitation and…
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Hvordan legger myndighetene til rette for en innovativ og bærekraftig arkitektur? Erfaringer fra arbeidet med Powerhouse-prosjektene
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2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Kraftfullt miljøsatsing - Hvordan vi har jobbet for å få fram nye løsninger i Powerhouse?
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2013
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2013
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Hvordan realisere regjeringens ambisjoner?
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2013
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2013
Er "intellegente byer" veien å gå? Siden nesten 2/3 av vårt energiforbruk er tilknyttet urbane miljø, vil såkalte "Smart Cities" eller intellegente byer spille en betydelig rolle vedrørende energiffektivitet.
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Hva er forskjellen på passivhus, nesten nullenergi, nullenergi og plussenergi/energipositivt?
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Publication Year:
2013
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2013
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Powerhouse Kjørboe - rehabilitering av kontorbygg til plussenergibygg
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Small studies in architectural materiality
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Within the frame of this exploratory essay, small studies in materiality are introduced as artifacts of relatively simple means, designer driven, and as useful in anchoring strategies to reflexively map research methods in art and design practices. Using concepts from science and technology studies (STS), a series of projects are contextually presented and modes of working are tracked. Small studies discusses how artists and designers can better position themselves to critically assess relationships between the complex, interconnected design issues they encounter in their artistic practices, and the methods they opt to employ. The essay concludes that in fields where art…
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