Publications
Zero Emission Buildings. Status og veien videre
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Publication Year:
2009
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Publication Year:
2009
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Fremtidens bygninger – et svar på klimautfordringene?
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Publication Year:
2010
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Publication Year:
2010
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State-of-the-Art Building Integrated Photovoltaics
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
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Journal papers
From Passive House to Zero Emission Building: How much electricity generation is needed?
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Publication Year:
2010
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Publication Year:
2010
This paper shows how much electricity generation would be needed for a passive house to achieve a zero emission balance over the year, hence to become a Zero Emission Building, ZEB. The case study is based on the passive house apartment blocks built in 2008 in Løvåshagen, near Bergen, Norway, and the analysis focuses on the consequences of adopting different heating systems. With the carbon emission factors assumed, it is shown that the sole PV installation on the roof is generally not sufficient to generate all the electricity needed to achieve the ZEB balance. Possible integrations are the use of…
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Vi ville at miljøhensynet skulle være en livsstil – ikke bare en hobby
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2015
Publication Year:
2015
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Marinlyst school – Comparison of simulated and measured energy use in a passive house school
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
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Sammenligning av klimagass-utslipp med naturlig- og balansert ventilasjon
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Dagens byggeforskrifter krever mye ekstra dokumentasjon om en ikke skal ha balansert ventilasjon, og dette legger i praksis sterke føringer for valg av ventilasjonsløsning. Imidlertid er klimagassutslipp med ulike ventilasjons-konsept i liten grad undersøkt.
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From Passive House to Zero Emission Buildings from an Emission-Accounting Perspective
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Moving away from the annual energy budget and including the emissions of the entire building lifetime during construction, operation, and disposal is a key aspect of ZEB. This can be summarised in an emission inventory of operation and building components and services. The aim of this paper is to investigate the emission balance of both operational and the embodied energy in different highly energy efficient buildings concepts which are worth considering toward achieving Zero emission buildings. In this work four concepts for energy efficient buildings are identified which could provide stepping stones towards a definition of ZEB. These concepts were…
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Possibilites for characterization of a pcm window system large scale measurements
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
The introduction of dynamic envelope components and systems can have a significant reduction effect on heating and cooling demands. In addition, it can contribute to reduce the energy demand for artificial lighting by better utilization of the daylight. One of these promising technologies is Phase Change Materials (PCM). Here, the latent heat storage potential of the transition between solid and liquid state of a material is exploited to increase the thermal mass of the component. A PCM layer incorporated in a transparent component can increase the possibilities to harvest energy from solar radiation by reducing the heating/cooling demand and still…
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Performance of 8 Cold-Climate Envelopes for Passive Houses
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
While the design and construction of envelopes for Passive House certified homes in central European climates is well developed and has achieved widespread acceptance and reliability, the same cannot be said in colder climate regions such as the United States’ upper Midwest (DOE climate zones 6 and 7) and Scandinavia. The objective of this research was to study some of the typical building performance issues relating to Passive House envelope construction for single family homes in cold climates by testing and developing a group of 8 envelope options. Typical issues include unfamiliarity with performance of thermal bridge details, added embodied…
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Powerhouse One: the first plus-energy commercial building in Norway
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
“Powerhouse” is an alliance that will demonstrate that it is possible to build plus-energy buildings in cold climates, such as in Norway. For the Powerhouse project in Trondheim (Brattørkaia 17a), PV panels will produce and offset the delivered energy needed during the operation and for compensating the embodied energy of the building. The building will thus export more electricity than it will use for operation. In a broader environmental perspective, an aim of this project is also to achieve the classification “Outstanding” in the BREEAM-NOR environmental certification scheme. Energy efficiency measures and materials with low embodied energy have been crucial…
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The Skarpnes resisdential development
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
The zero-energy project Skarpnes residential development in Arendal in Norway consists of a total of 40 dwelling units. The energy goal of the buildings is net zero-energy on a yearly level. In addition, the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) related to the operational energy of the buildings shall also be zero on an annual basis. There is also an aim achieving low embodied energy and GHG emissions related to the buildings materials and products. The thermal demand of the buildings will be covered by heat pumps and thermal solar collectors. To reach the zero energy/emission goal, the roofs are partly covered…
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Energy Desing of Sandwich Masonry Blocks
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Sandwich elements are widely used in the building envelope, in walls and foundations in particular. The thickness of sandwich elements is increasing as the demand for reduced heat loss from the building envelope is required. The building industry is searching for means and alternative materials to reduce the volume of the building envelope, but at the same time obtain the same thermal performance. Sandwich element constructions might be suitable for highly effective insulation materials as VIPs (Vacuum Insulation Panels). The possibilities of optimizing the thermal performance and by the same time decreasing the thickness and reducing the volume of aggregated…
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Performance evaluation of a combined solar-thermal and heat pump technology in a Net-ZEB under stochastic user-loads
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
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Interior Insulation Retrofit of a Brick Wall Using Vacuum Insulation Panels: Design of a Laboratory Study to Determine the Hygrothermal Effect on Existing Structure and Wooden Beam Ends
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Nano insulation materials for energy efficient buildings: a case study on hallow silica naonspheres
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
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Europe’s buildings under the microscope - A country-by-country review of the energy performance of buildings
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Publication Year:
2011
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Publication Year:
2011
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Slik blir fremtidens byggematerialer
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Publication Year:
2015
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Publication Year:
2015
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Popular Science Articles
Det råeste plusshuset finner du i Larvik
Publication Year:
2014
Publication Year:
2014
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Hollow Silica Nanospheres as a Superinsulating Material
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
A simple, mild, and effective template approach has been used to produce hollow silica nanospheres with controlled sizes ranging from 40 to 150 nanometers. The obtained powders showed systematic variations in measured thermal conductivity, with values down to 0.024 W/(mK) so far, with en expressed goal to reach below 0.020 W/(mK). Surface hydrophobization was successfully performed. Thus, hollow silica nanospheres are considered to be promising building blocks for new hydrophobic, superinsulating materials.
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Experimental Pathways for Achieving Superinsulation through Nano Insulation Materials
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Zero energy buildings and the rebound effect: A solution to the paradox of energy efficiency?
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
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Solar shading control strategies in cold climates – heating, cooling demand and daylight availability in office spaces
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
Abstract Modern office buildings often have large glazed areas. Incident solar radiation can lead to large cooling demands during hot periods although the solar radiation can help reduce heating demands during cool periods.Previous studies have shown that large parts of the net energy demand of an office building is related to window heat loss and cooling demands induced by solar irradiance. In this article, the authors found that, even in what traditionally has been considered to be a heating-dominated climate, cooling demands dominate the net energy demand of an office building. Solar shading systems are vital to reduce the cooling…
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Nano-Based Thermal Insulation for Energy-Efficient Buildings
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Publication Year:
2016
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Publication Year:
2016
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Accelerated Laboratory Ageing of Vacuum Insulation Panels
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Publication Year:
2011
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Publication Year:
2011
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Retrofitting of Timber Frame Walls by Application of Vacuum Insulation Panels and Investigations of Moisture Robustness
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Publication Year:
2011
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Publication Year:
2011
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Improving the interaction between Net-ZEB and the grid using advanced control of heat pumps
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
Design principles in Net-ZEB considers the local energy infrastructure as virtual storage leading to large amount of energy exchange with the grid. Nonetheless, with high Net-ZEB penetration scenarios, such exchange could compromise the effectiveness of Net- ZEB concept in a total energy infrastructure. As the current market trends, heat pumps along with photovoltaics are seen as an emerging energy supply solutions in Net-ZEB buildings, effectiveness of an all-electric Net-ZEB (that is using air-to-water heat pump with photovoltaic) is analysed. Two concrete control cases of energy storage (compared to reference case) to assess Net-ZEB ability to self-consume vs. grid empowerment are…
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Dealing with uncertainty in sustainable innovation: mainstreaming and substitution
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Publication Year:
2010
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Publication Year:
2010
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Simulation and evaluation of CO2 heat pump system with energy storage for ZEB
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
Abstract Reduced energy consumption is one of the most cost effective ways of reducing CO2 emissions for combustion of fossil fuels. Residential buildings must become more energy efficient according to the Energy Performance in Buildings Directive (EPBD). The demands for domestic hot water have become more significant. Therefore the share of domestic hot water (DHW) in high insulated houses constitutes an increasing share of total heating demand. For DHW and space heating purpose CO2 tripartite gas cooler heat pumps are among the most efficient systems. Due to heat rejection at different temperature levels a large enthalpy difference and low compressor…
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Towards a Zero Emission Built Environment in Norway
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Pilot projects of sustainable climate-adapted architecture and the national research for carbon neutral buildings
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The first phase of a Zero Emission Concept for an Office Building in Norway
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Energieffektivisering i bygninger – det enkleste klimatiltaket på kort sikt
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Publication Year:
2015
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Publication Year:
2015
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Books
Cost Optimality of Energy System in Zero Emission Buildings in Early Design Phase
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
A survey among relevant consultants and contractors shows the need for better knowledge and more systematic information in order to make decisions regarding the selection of system for energy supply of ZEBs (Zero Emission Buildings). The ZEB centre aims to develop a computerbased tool for this purpose that will include both a calculation tool and an information database. This assignment will be part of this development. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the cost optimality of different energy systems for a ZEB using the European cost optimal methodology introduced in the context of the EPBD (Energy Performance…
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Dynamic Building Envelope Components and nearly Zero Energy Buildings: Theoretical and experimental analysis of concepts, systems and technologies for an adaptive building skin
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
Due to the significant impact of the building sector on greenhouse gas emissions, newer and stricter regulations aimed at reducing total energy use in buildings have appeared in the last few years. In the European context, all the new constructions will thus soon be asked to be nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB). In order to reach this target, new concepts and technologies capable of further improving buildings’ energy efficiency need to be developed. A very promising strategy to overcome current technology limitations is represented by revisiting the conventional approach that considers the building as a static object and moves towards…
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Analysis and design of systems for thermal-energy storage at moderate temperatures based on Phase Change Materials (PCM)
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
Abstract Because human population is growing at such a high rate, as well as the energy consumption per person, new ways of preserving and efficiently using available energy must be explored. Until new and abundant energy sources are found and means of their exploitation developed, research attention should be focused on finding ways of proper and safe use of what is nowadays available. In that sense, storage of thermal energy plays an important role both in heating and/or cooling applications, such as in residential or commercial buildings, and in industrial processes. Some of the technical solutions are based on phase…
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Efficiency of the Hydronic System used for the Space-Heating of Passive Envelopes
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
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Analysis of CO2 heat pump for low energy residential building
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
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Encapsulated Vacuum Insulation Panels for Building Applications -Experimental Durability Investigations and Retrofitting Strategies
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Publication Year:
2013
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Publication Year:
2013
Vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) are a high-performance thermal insulation solution, which offer a much higher heat resistance than traditional insulation materials. Thus, is enabling a reduction in thickness of the building envelope, thereby solving one of the major challenges in today's requirements of energy-efficient buildings. Hence, the area efficiency in buildings will increase, and the slimmer walls may lead to increased daylight admission through the window partitions. Furthermore, it gives the possibility of retrofitting existing buildings towards today's standards within acceptable economical and practical measures. Reduction of thermal heat resistance is one of the major challenges when using VIP, thus…
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Analysis and design of solar based systems for heating and cooling of buildings
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
Abstract Thermal performance of the solar thermal systems are estimated using numerical methods and software since the solar processes are transitient in nature been driven by time dependent forcing functions and loads. The system components are defined with mathematical relationships that describe how components function. They are based on first principles (energy balances, mass balances, rate equations and equilibrium relationships) at one extreme or empirical curve fits to operating data from specific machines such as absorption chillers. The component models are programed i.e. they represent written subroutines which are simultaneously solved with the executive program. In this thesis for executive…
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Multi-Functional Building Envelopes: Key Properties, State-of-the-Art Technologies and Visions for the Future
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
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Thermal comfort with simplified heat distribution systems in highly insulated buildings
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
Abstract The increasing energy consumption and its consequences have led to a major need for energy saving measures. Therefore, the passive house concept has been introduced. Passive houses have a low heating demand, so that it is theoretically possible to simplify the space heating distribution system by for example reduce the number of radiators. It has therefore been investigated if one central heat source can give sufficient thermal comfort in a whole housing unit. Research shows, with the use of simulations for Belgian climate, that thermal comfort can be obtained in the whole dwelling if the internal doors are open.…
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Social science perspectives on architectural design, research and the implementation of building solutions
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Publication Year:
2014
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Publication Year:
2014
Addressing the problem of knowledge integration across the building sectors, a critical stance is taken and tested conceptually, as well as experimentally within an interdisciplinary frame that draws together a number of key literatures from architecture, building science, urban studies, and STS. Empirically, the thesis is supported by a set of interviews and questionnaires that form a grounded case of Switzerland, which evaluates the assumptions and practices around sustainability policies and carbon reduction strategies for buildings and the built environment. As an article based dissertation comprised of four articles that are summarized below, the thesis aims to constructively connect theoretical…
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PCM Application - Effect on energy use and Indoor temperature
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Thermal comfort is one of the most important factors for the success of design. Many investigations have been made since people realized the importance of energy conservation in a building. PCM is an example of such innovation in building material that helps to maintain the thermal comfort in building and also lessen the energy demand. PCM works on a principle of latent heat storage in which the material is capable of storing the heat while it reaches melting and later releases this heat in useful form. This thesis looks into the behavior of PCM when applied on different building component…
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Emissions Accounting for ZEB Shoebox Office Model: - Strategies for optimalizing the operational energy supply - Strategies for reducing the emboidied carbon from a life cycle perspective
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
Zero emission building (ZEB) is considered a future-oriented concept for reducing Green house gas emissions in the bulding sector. Which aspects should be considered when designing a zero emission building? The largest potential for decreasing emissions comes from improving energy efficiency, conscious choice of materials and renewable energy supply. The project investigates each aspect providing different design alternatives which give a basis for possible decisions on carbon neutral strategy.
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The Impacts on Solar Access and Energy Demand of Different Building Masses in Linear Buildings Forms
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Publication Year:
2012
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Publication Year:
2012
The main direction of the thesis is analyzing the impact on solar access and energy demand of different building mass in linear building forms. The study model of this work is a current ongoing project - a suburb sustainable residential community design project locates in Ådland, Bergen, Norway. The work mainly consists of two parts: theory and project analyses. Both two parts are focusing on reducing environmental impact of suburb sustainable residential communities. More specifically, the theory is aiming on finding out the critical design and energy issues for suburb sustainable residential communities. The project is aiming on using the…
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